Which Are The Most Commonly Used Materials In Gaskets?

Gaskets are tiny yet the most important elements of a machinery that prevents leakage of any kind of liquids and gases between two components. Without gaskets, any kind of machinery is likely to fail due to leakage. But, for the functioning of these tiny elements, it is important that the raw materials used to construct them are appropriate and of good quality. It is the selection of the material that affects every attribute of the gasket like its aptitude for handling different fluid-containing scenarios, and integrity of the seal.

It is usually preferred that the gasket be made from a material that can deform and tightly fill the space it is designed for, thus covering up for any irregularities. However, there are some gaskets that are made entirely of metal that rely on a seating surface to accomplish the seal. On the other hand, there are gaskets that are made entirely of non-metals, or are semi-metallic in nature. The list of materials used for manufacturing gaskets include Nitrile, NBR, EPDM, Silicone, Graphite, PTFE, stainless steel and carbon steel. But, the most commonly used materials from these are listed below.

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Carbon and metal

Graphite is a material that retains dimensional stability and seal integrity, even in cases of high temperatures and high pressure. This is why this material is very commonly used in gaskets used in the aerospace industry and other cutting-edge domains. Also, carbon fiber reinforcement, stainless steel wire meshes, Kevlar substitutes, and Teflon additives can be used to infuse mechanical strength into the product. These reinforced materials can prove to be ideal solutions for conditions of extreme temperatures and high pressure, making them suitable for cryogenic applications and other tough industrial settings.

Polymers

Polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE products are equipped with excellent mechanical and chemical properties like not reacting to chemicals, and superior thermal insulation. This makes the polymer a perfect match for hot fluids. Other than this, other polymers like Nitrile and Viton are also used, most frequently in fuel pipe seals and joint seals, as they have the ability to resist the corrosive effects of petroleum oils. Other polymers that can be used include toughened plastics and urethane polymers. All these materials can be graded or fabricated as composites to add more versatility to the polymers.

Non-asbestos compressed fibers

Gaskets used for high pressure steam systems may contain asbestos. But, due to the health hazards related to asbestos exposure, non-asbestos materials are more preferred. When such non-asbestos compressed fibers are combined with polymer linings, gaskets gain a super-fortified edge such that they are able to function under huge stresses, so much so that they can handle super-heated steam and corrosive acids with great efficiency.

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